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乌干达DUS DARS 1296:2024《食用昆虫—基于食用昆虫的食品安全指南》第一版

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世界贸易组织	G/TBT/N/UGA/2021 2024-10-09 24-7007

技术性贸易壁垒	原文：英语

通报

以下通报根据TBT协定第10.6条分发

1.	通报成员: 乌干达如可能，列出涉及的地方政府名称 ( 3.2条和7.2 条)：
2.	负责机构：乌干达国家标准局地址：Plot 2-12 ByPass Link, Bweyogerere Industrial and Business Park P.O. Box 6329 Kampala, Uganda 电话：+(256) 4 1733 3250/1/2 传真：+(256) 4 1428 6123 电子邮箱：[email protected] 网址：https://www.unbs.go.ug
3.	通报依据条款： [ ] 2.9.2 [ ] 2.10.1 [X] 5.6.2 [ ] 5.7.1 [ ] 3.2 [ ] 7.2 通报依据的条款其他：
4.	覆盖的产品：适合人类食用的昆虫（HS编码：041010）；与农业和林业相关的其他标准（ICS分类号：65.020.99） HS编码：04　　ICS编码：65.020.99
5.	通报标题： DUS DARS 1296:2024,《食用昆虫—基于食用昆虫的食品安全指南》，第一版注：本乌干达标准草案也已向卫生与植物检疫措施委员会通报。语言：英语页数：32 链接网址：
6.	内容简述：本乌干达标准草案涉及以可食用昆虫及其产品为基础的食品的食品安全要求
7.	目标与理由：防止欺骗性行为和保护消费者；保护人类健康或安全；保护动植物生命或健康；协调一致；节约成本和提高生产力
8.	相关文件： 1. ARS 53《食品卫生通用规范——实施规范》 2. ARS 56《预包装食品——标签》 3. 食典委标准193《食典委食品和饲料中污染物和毒素的通用标准》 4. ISO 22000《食品安全管理体系——对食品供应链中所有组织的要求》 5. Van Huis, A.（2016年），“可食用昆虫是未来？”，《营养学会会刊》, 第75期，第294–305页。 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116000069 6. Jongema, Y.（2017年4月），“世界食用昆虫名录[互联网]”，瓦赫宁根大学与研究所（WUR）, 荷兰瓦赫宁根。第1–100页。 7. González-Escobar, J.L., Grajales-Lagunes, A., Smoliński, A., Chagolla-López, A., De Léon- Rodríguez, A., Barba de la Rosa, A.P. （2018年），“可食用尖光胸臭蚁Liometopum apiculatum幼虫的微生物群揭示了与其营养价值相关的潜在功能”，国际食品研究，第109期，第497-505页。https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.049 8. Okyere, A.A.（2023年）. 昆虫类食品的食品安全管理. 摘自：Andersen V, Lelieveld H, Motarjemi Y, 编辑. 食品安全管理：食品工业实用指南，第2版. 美国学术出版社/爱思唯尔公司，英国伦敦；美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥。第223-33页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820013-1.00036-X 9. 欧洲食品安全局（2015年），“与作为食品和饲料的昆虫的生产和食用有关的风险预测”，《欧洲食品安全局杂志》第13期，第4257（1-60）页。 https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257 10. Van Huis, A.（2013年）. 可食用昆虫：食品和饲料安全的未来前景[互联网]. 联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）, 意大利罗马. 11. Eilenberg, J., Vlak,J., Nielsen-Leroux, C., Cappellozza, S., Jensen, A.B.（2015年），“食品和饲料用昆虫的疾病”，《昆虫作为食物和饲料的杂志》,第1期，第87-102页。 https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0022 12. Cappellozza, S., Saviane, A., Tettamanti, G., Squadrin, M., Vendramin, E., Paolucci, P., 等（2011年），“鉴定蒙氏肠球菌是一种与人工饲料饲养的家蚕幼虫"flacherie"疾病有关的病原体”，《无脊椎动物病理学杂志》，第106期，第386-93页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2010.12.007 13. Hirose, E., Panizzi, A.R., Cattelan, A.J. （2006年），“抗生素在提高实验室饲养的稻绿蝽（异翅目：蝽科）表现方面的潜在用途”，新热带昆虫学，巴西昆虫学会，第35期，第279–81页。https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2006000200022 14. Brinker, P., Fontaine, M.C., Beukeboom, L.W., Salles,J.F.（2019年）. 宿主、共生体和微生物组：缺失的三方相互作用. 微生物学趋势，爱思唯尔。第27期，第480–8页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2019.02.002 15. Gurung, K., Wertheim, B., Falcao Salles, J. （2019年）害虫的微生物组：不仅仅是细菌. 昆虫学实验与应用，第167期，第156-70页。 https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12768 16. Dicke, M., Eilenberg, J., Salles, J.F.,Jensen, A.B., Lecocq,A., Pijlman, G.P., 等（2020年），“不太可能导致SARS-CoV-2冠状病毒传播的可食用昆虫”，《昆虫作为食物和饲料的杂志》第6期，第333-9页。 https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2020.0039 17. Marshall, D.L., Dickson, J.S., Nguyen, N.H.（2016年）, 确保昆虫类食品的食品安全：减轻微生物和其他食源性危害. 摘自：Dossey AT, Morales- Ramos JA, Rojas MG, 编辑. 昆虫作为可持续食物成分：生产、加工和食品应用，美国学术出版社，英国伦敦；美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥。第223–53页。https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802856-8.00008-9 18. Igbabul, B.D., Agude, C., Inyang, C.U.（2015年）“Cirina forda干制幼虫的营养和微生物质量”，《国际营养与食品科学杂志》科学出版集团，第3卷第602- 6页。 https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140306.28 19. Braide, W.， Oranusi, S.， Iyen, I.， Oguoma, O.， Akobondu, C.和Nwaoguikpe, R.（2010年）。“皇蛾Bunaea alcinoe可食用幼虫的微生物质量”，《生态与自然环境杂志》第3卷第176–80页。 20. Grabowski, N.T. 和 Klein, G.（2017年）“四种不同加热处理下的熟制和干制可食用地中海田蟋蟀（Gryllus bimaculatus）和超级蠕虫（Zophobas atratus）的微生物学研究”，《国际食品科学与技术》，SAGE Publications Ltd STM，第23卷第17–23页。 https://doi.org/10.1177/1082013216652994 21. Wynants, E.， Crauwels, S.， Verreth, C.， Gianotten, N.， Lievens, B.， Claes, J.等人（2018年）“工业规模下供人类食用的小型粉虱（Alphitobius diaperinus）生产过程中的微生物动态”，《食品微生物学》，第70卷第181-91页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.09.012 22. Imathiu, S.（2020年）“食用昆虫的益处和食品安全问题”，《美国国家科学院杂志》，第18卷第1-11页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nfs.2019.11.002 23. Brown, W.V.， Doyen, J.T.， Moore, B.P.和Lawrence, J.F.（1992年）“某些澳大利亚拟步甲科（鞘翅目）防御性分泌物的化学组成和分类意义”《澳大利亚昆虫学杂志》第31卷第79-89页。 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1992.tb00461.x 24. Charlton, A.J.、Dickinson, M.、Wakefield, M.、Fitches, E.、Kenis, M.、Han, R.等人（2015年）“探索蝇幼虫作为动物饲料蛋白质来源的化学安全性”，《昆虫作为食物和饲料杂志》第1卷第7-16页。https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0020 25. Lindqvist, L.（1992年）“五种植食性昆虫中镉、铜和锌的积累”，《环境昆虫学》，第21期，第160-3页。https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/21.1.160 26. Zhuang, P.， Zou, H.和Shu, W.（2009年），“重金属沿土壤-植物-昆虫-鸡食物链的生物转移：实地研究”，《环境科学杂志》，第21期，第849-53页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(08)62351-7 27. Zagrobelny, M.， Dreon, A.L.， Gomiero, T.， Marcazzan, G.L.， Glaring, M.A.， MøLler, B.L.等人（2009年），“有毒飞蛾：真正安全美味的来源”，《民族生物学杂志》，赛吉出版公司，第29期，第64-76页。 https://doi.org/10.2993/0278-0771-29.1.64 28. Berenbaum, M.（2012年），“螯合的植物毒素和昆虫适口性”。 29. Duffey, S.S.（1980年），“昆虫对植物天然产物的螯合作用”，《昆虫学年度回顾》，第25期，第447-77页。https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.25.010180.002311 30. Nishida, R.（2002年），“鳞翅目昆虫从植物中分离防御物质”，《昆虫学年度评论》，第47期，第57-92页。 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145121 31. Brower, L.P.（1969年），“生态化学”，《科学美国人》，第220期，第22-9页。https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0269-22 32. Aliabadi, A.、Renwick, J.A.A.和Whitman,D.W.（2002年），丑角菜蝽Murgantia histrionica对硫代葡萄糖苷的螯合作用，《化学生态学杂志》，第28期，第1749-62页。https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1020505016637 33. Blum, M.S. （1994年），“昆虫学的极限：有毒昆虫世界中的自选美食家”，《食用昆虫时事通讯》，第7期。 34. Crespo, R.、Villaverde, M.L.、Girotti, J.R.、Güerci, A.、Juárez, M.P.和de Bravo, M.G.（2011年），“九龙虫防御性分泌物对A549细胞的细胞毒性和遗传毒性影响”， 35. 《民族药理学杂志》，第136期，第204-9页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.056 36. Schabel, H.G.（2010年），“森林昆虫作为食物：全球评论”，摘自：Durst PB, Johnson DV, Leslie RN, Shono K, 编辑. 作为食物的森林昆虫：人类反咬：亚太资源及其发展潜力研讨会会议记录，2008年2月19日至21日，泰国清迈，联合国粮食及农业组织亚洲及太平洋区域办事处，泰国曼谷. 第37–64页。 37. Mcmillian, W.W.、Widstrom, N.W.和Wilson, D.M.（1981年），“饲养玉米象1 当产生黄曲霉毒素的黄曲霉和寄生曲霉分离株存在时对玉米基因型的影响2”，《环境昆虫学》，第10期，第760-2页。 https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/10.5.760 38. Babarinde, S.A., Mvumi, B.M., Babarinde, G.O., Manditsera, F.A., Akande, T.O. and Adepoju, 39. A.A.（2021年）“撒哈拉以南非洲食品和饲料系统中的昆虫：未开发的潜力”，《国际热带昆虫科学杂志》，第41期，第1923-51页。https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00305-6 40. Kunatsa, Y.、Chidewe, C.和Zvidzai, C.J.（2020年），“从选定的边缘化津巴布韦食用昆虫和蔬菜中提取的植物化学成分和抗营养成分”，《农业与食品研究杂志》，第2期，第100027页。 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2020.100027 41. Alamu, O.， Amao, A.， Nwokedi, C.， Oke, A.和Lawal, I.（2013年），“尼日利亚食用昆虫的多样性和营养状况：综述”，《生物多样性与保护国际期刊》，第5期，第215-22页。https://doi.org/10.5897/IJBC12.121 42. Ganguly, A.， Chakravorty, R.， Das, M.， Gupta, M.， Mandal, D.K.， Haldar, P.等人（2013年），“关于估计隆叉小车蝗（直翅目：蝗科）营养物质和抗营养物质的初步研究”，《国际营养与代谢杂志》，学术期刊，第5期，第50-6页。https://doi.org/10.5897/IJNAM12.022 43. Omotoso, O.T.和Adesola,A.A.（2018年），“一些昆虫目营养成分的比较研究”，《国际昆虫学和线虫学研究杂志》，第2期，第1-9页。 44. Omotoso, O.T.（2015年），“犀角金龟（金龟子科：鞘翅目）和有翼白蚁（白蚁科：等翅目）的营养成分、矿物分析和抗营养因子”，《当前应用科学与技术杂志》，第8期，第97-106页。https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/15344 45. Gachihi, A.， Tanga, C.， Nyambaka, H.和Kimiywe, J. （2023年），加工方法对蝗虫和白蚁营养成分和抗营养成分的影响，《CyTA - 食品杂志》， 46. 泰勒-弗朗西斯出版集团，第21期，第745-50页， https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2023.2281984 47. Belluco, S.， Losasso, C.， Maggioletti, M.， Alonzi, C.C.， Paoletti, M.G.和Ricci, A.（2013年），“食品安全和营养视角下的食用昆虫：批判性评论”，《食品科学与食品安全综合评论》，第12期，第296-313页。 https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12014 48. Cloutier, J.（2015年），“非洲的食用昆虫——发现、使用和食用昆虫简介”，第1版，农业和农村合作技术中心（CTA）, 荷兰瓦赫宁根。 49. Fraqueza, M.J.R.和Patarata, L.A. da S.C.（2017年）食品和饲料用食用昆虫HACCP应用的限制. 摘自：MikkolaH, 编辑. 未来食品，INTECH开放获取出版社，克罗地亚里耶卡。第89–113页。 50. Dolan, L.C.、Matulka, R.A.和Burdock, G.A.（2010年），“天然食物毒素”，《毒素》，第2期，第2289-332页。 https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2092289 51. Knightingale, K.W.和Ayim, E.N.（1980年），“摄入白蚁后肯尼亚暴发肉毒中毒”，《英国医学杂志》，第281期，第1682-3页。 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.281.6256.1682-a 52. Andersen, V., Lelieveld, H.L.M., Motarjemi, Y., 编辑（2023），“食品安全管理：食品行业实用指南[互联网]”，第2版，美国学术出版社/爱思唯尔，英国伦敦；美国加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥。
9.	拟批准日期：待定拟生效日期：待定
10.	意见反馈截止日期：自通报之日起60天
11.	文本可从以下机构得到： [ ] 国家通报机构 [X] 国家咨询点，或其他机构的联系地址、传真及电子邮件地址(如能提供): 乌干达国家标准局地址：Plot 2-12 ByPass Link, Bweyogerere Industrial and Business Park P.O. Box 6329 Kampala, Uganda 电话：+(256) 4 1733 3250/1/2 传真：+(256) 4 1428 6123 电子邮箱：[email protected] 网址：https://www.unbs.go.ug https://members.wto.org/crnattachments/2024/TBT/UGA/24_06616_00_e.pdf

NOTIFICATION

The following notification is being circulated in accordance with Article 10.6

1.	Notifying Member: UGANDA If applicable, name of local government involved (Article 3.2 and 7.2):
2.	Agency responsible: Uganda National Bureau of Standards Plot 2-12 ByPass Link, Bweyogerere Industrial and Business Park P.O. Box 6329 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +(256) 4 1733 3250/1/2 Fax: +(256) 4 1428 6123 E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.unbs.go.ug Name and address (including telephone and fax numbers, email and website addresses, if available) of agency or authority designated to handle comments regarding the notification shall be indicated if different from above:
3.	Notified under Article 2.9.2 [ ], 2.10.1 [ ], 5.6.2 [X], 5.7.1 [ ], 3.2 [ ], 7.2 [ ], other:
4.	Products covered (HS or CCCN where applicable, otherwise national tariff heading. ICS numbers may be provided in addition, where applicable): Insects, fit for human consumption (HS code(s): 041010); Other standards related to farming and forestry (ICS code(s): 65.020.99)
5.	Title, number of pages and language(s) of the notified document: DUS DARS 1296:2024, Edible insects— Guideline on safety of foods based on edible insects, First edition (32 page(s), in English) Note: This Draft Uganda Standard was also notified to the SPS Committee
6.	Description of content: This Draft Uganda Standard addresses food safety requirements for foods based on edible insects and their products
7.	Objective and rationale, including the nature of urgent problems where applicable: Prevention of deceptive practices and consumer protection; Protection of human health or safety; Protection of animal or plant life or health; Harmonization; Cost saving and productivity enhancement
8.	Relevant documents: 1. ARS 53, General principles of food hygiene— Code of practice 2. ARS 56, Prepackaged foods — Labelling 3. CODEX STAN 193, Codex general standardfor contaminants and toxins in food and feed 4. ISO 22000, Food safety management systems— Requirements for any organization in the food chain 5. van Huis, A. (2016) Edible Insects are the Future? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 75, 294–305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665116000069 6. Jongema, Y. (2017Apr) List of Edible Insects of the World [Internet]. Wageningen University & Research (WUR), Wageningen, The Netherlands.p. 1–100. 7. González-Escobar, J.L., Grajales-Lagunes, A., Smoliński, A., Chagolla-López, A., De Léon- Rodríguez, A. and Barba de la Rosa,A.P. (2018) Microbiota of Edible Liometopum apiculatum Ant Larvae Reveals Potential Functions Related to Their Nutritional Value. Food Research International, 109, 497–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.04.049 8. Okyere, A.A. (2023) Food Safety Management of Insect-Based Foods.In: Andersen V, Lelieveld H, and Motarjemi Y, editors. Food Safety Management: A Practical Guide for the Food Industry, 2nd Edition. Academic Press/ Elsevier Inc., London, United Kingdom; San Diego, CA, USA. p. 223–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820013-1.00036-X 9. EFSA. (2015) Risk Profile Relatedto Production and Consumption of Insects as Food and Feed. EFSA Journal, 13, 4257(1-60). https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4257 10. van Huis, A. (2013) Edible Insects: FutureProspects for Food and Feed Security [Internet]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy. 11. Eilenberg, J., Vlak, J., Nielsen-Leroux, C., Cappellozza, S. and Jensen,A.B. (2015) Diseasesin Insects Produced for Food and Feed. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1, 87–102. https://doi.org/10.3920/JIFF2014.0022 12. Cappellozza, S., Saviane, A., Tettamanti, G., Squadrin, M., Vendramin, E., Paolucci, P. et al. (2011) Identification of Enterococcus mundtiias a pathogenic agent involved in the "flacherie" disease in Bombyx mori L. larvae reared on artificial diet. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 106, 386–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2010.12.007 13. Hirose, E., Panizzi, A.R. and Cattelan, A.J. (2006) Potential use of antibiotic to improve performance of laboratory-reared Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Neotropical Entomology, Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil. 35, 279–81. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519- 566X2006000200022 14. Brinker, P., Fontaine, M.C., Beukeboom, L.W. and Salles ,J.F. (2019) Host, Symbionts, and the Microbiome: The Missing Tripartite Interaction. Trends in Microbiology, Elsevier. 27, 480–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2019.02.002 15. Gurung, K., Wertheim, B. and Falcao Salles, J. (2019) The microbiome of pest insects: it is not just bacteria. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 167, 156–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.12768 16. 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9.	Proposed date of adoption: To be determined Proposed date of entry into force: To be determined
10.	Final date for comments: 60 days from notification
11.	Texts available from: National enquiry point [X] or address, telephone and fax numbers and email and website addresses, if available, of other body: Uganda National Bureau of Standards Plot 2-12 ByPass Link, Bweyogerere Industrial and Business Park P.O. Box 6329 Kampala, Uganda Tel: +(256) 4 1733 3250/1/2 Fax: +(256) 4 1428 6123 E-mail: [email protected] Website: https://www.unbs.go.ug https://members.wto.org/crnattachments/2024/TBT/UGA/24_06616_00_e.pdf

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